While the 20th century has been characterised by the generalisation of democratisation processes, the 21st century seems to have started with the reverse trend. An authoritarian-populist nexus is threatening liberal democracy on a global scale, including in its American and European heartlands. Charismatic leaders – thriving on electoral majorities and popular referenda – methodically undermine the rule of law and constitutional safeguards in order to consolidate their own power basis. Coupling inflammatory rhetoric with modern communication technologies, they short-circuit traditional elites and refuse to abide by international norms. Agitating contemporary scourges such as insecurity, loss of identity, mass migration and corrupt elites, they put in place new laws and mechanisms to harness civil society and political opponents. In order to better understand the novelty, permanence and global reach of “illiberal democracy”, this second issue of Global Challenges proposes seven case studies (Russia, Hungary, Turkey, the Middle East, Uganda, Venezuela and the United States) complemented by a series of expert interviews, maps and infographics.
© Chappatte in Le Temps, Geneva
Neoliberal globalisation has not only transformed the role of the state; it has also shaken up the internal “DNA” of education policies, from schools to universities. New technologies have paved the way for new forms of transmitting knowledge; calls to decolonise curricula are growing louder; in the South, many countries face the challenge of financing public education policies in an era of new public management, while the model and transfer of these policies have become a key problem, compounded by the exclusion of historically marginalised populations and the advance of private and religious players. Against this backdrop of criticism of the public education model, the present Dossier seeks to better apprehend what could be done to restore the purpose and meaning of education and universities.
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Universities in the 21st Century: A Changing Global Landscape
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1
Futures of Higher Education and the Recovery of Purpose
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2
Reimagining Education in the Knowledge Society
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3
Education Policies: Foundational Research beyond Agenda Setting
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4
AI in Education and Research: Towards a More Ethical Engagement
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5
Data Assets and the Future Governance of Higher Education
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6
Higher Education, Decolonisation and the Global South
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7
University and Migration: New Directions for African Students
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8
The Conundrum of Race and Affirmative Action in Higher Education
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9
The Sino-American Competition in Higher Education
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Resources of the Geneva Graduate Institute in the Field of Higher Education
Reading time: 3 min
This issue has been produced by the Geneva Graduate Institute’ Research Office, in collaboration with the Network for International Policies and Cooperation in Education (NORRAG). It also includes contributions from academic departments of the Institute.
NORRAG is one of a handful of research centres in the world that are looking at theoretical models, methodological approaches and concepts for steering higher education systems in a global context. It is also home to the UNESCO Chair in Comparative Education Policy.













