In 2024, nearly half the world’s population, including citizens of the eight most populous nations, voted or will vote in elections. While this signals democratic engagement, many elections are run by autocratic or illiberal regimes pursuing self-serving agendas. Paradoxically thus, as elections are generalising as a practice, democracy is met with growing defiance. On closer scrutiny, however, it appears that it is not only the indicators of democracy but also those of elections that have been declining over the past decade. This dossier, produced with the Albert Hirschman Centre for Democracy, examines the essential role of elections in the construction of democracy today.
© Chappatte in The New York Times www.chappatte.com
The essays in this volume are the product of a new ‘research practicum‘ course in the Department of Political Science and International Relations at the Graduate Institute in Geneva. They build on the debates on ‘Urban Morphology and violence’ to reflect on the associations between cities – their political orders and disorders – and outcomes ranging from occupation and resistance to marginalisation and containment. These texts foreshadow the possibility of centring – and challenging – the urban in our understanding of contemporary conflict, violence and peace. They are a first step in opening up a research agenda for a more textured analysis of spatial, geographical and temporal dynamics within the city in relation to violence, and, therefore, the mobilisation of spatial, temporal and visual modes of analysis. The promise is to make visible the varied roles of urban morphologies – adding to the debate on cities in and as sites of conflict.
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I
Centring the Urban in Our Understanding of Violence
Reading time: 4 min -
1
Italian Hospitality
Reading time: 6 min -
2
Hybrid Political Orders in Urban Settings
Reading time: 5 min -
3
Aerial Occupation and Aerial Forensics in Gaza
Reading time: 4 min -
4
Naypyidaw, Myanmar: A Capital Devoid of Protests
Reading time: 4 min -
5
Planetary Conflict: Exploring the Urban Geography of Boko Haram
Reading time: 5 min -
6
Making Peace with Urban Political Settlements
Reading time: 5 min -
7
Informality as a Right to Necessity?
Reading time: 5 min -
8
Stagnation in the French Banlieues
Reading time: 5 min
The editors of this issue are grateful to Gopalan Balachandran, Christiana Parreira, Michelle Weitzel, and the editorial team at the Geneva Graduate Institute for comments on the essays.









